Prospective Feedback to Improve Speaking and Affective Dimensions in Higher Education Students
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article presents a pedagogical experience with a course of undergraduate students from various programs. The main objectives were to improve their oral skills in English, increase their self-confidence, reduce language-specific anxiety, and provide individual prospective feedback. An action research design was employed, adhering to the conditions of effective feedback proposed by Sadler (2010). Through oral assessments and a semi-structured interview, positive effects were observed in the students’ oral proficiency and their psychological factors such as self-confidence, beliefs, and anxiety.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors of the manuscripts accepted for publication in HOW journal are required to sign a nonexclusive license agreement allowing ASOCOPI to reproduce the full text on the Internet or in any other available source. Authors retain copyright of their manuscripts with the following restrictions: first publication is granted to ASOCOPI; nonexclusive agreements with third parties can be established as long as the original publication in the HOW journal is properly acknowledged.
References
Aydin, S. (2008). An investigation on the language anxiety and fear of negative evaluation among Turkish EFL Learners. Asian EFL Journal, 30, 421-444. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED512266
Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2012). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (8th ed.). Pearson. https://doi.org/10.2307/1317652
Bjork, R. A. (1988). Retrieval practice and the maintenance of knowledge. In Gruneberg, M.M., Morris, P.E., Sykes, R.N., (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory II (pp. 396–401). Wiley. https://bjorklab.psych.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/Bjork1988ReRetrieval.pdf
Black, P. (2007). Formative Assessment: Promises or problems? The Journal for Drama in Education. 23(2) 37-42.
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2006). Developing a theory of formative assessment. In J. Gardner (Ed.), Assessment and learning. Sage. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/9119063/Black2009_Developing_the_theory_of_formative_assessment.pdf
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the theory of formative assessment. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 21(1), 5-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-008-9068-5
Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., & Dylan, W. (2004). Assessment for learning: Putting it into practice. Open University.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bravo, J. (2011). SIMCE: Pasado, Presente y Futuro del Sistema Nacional de Evaluación. https://biblat.unam.mx/hevila/EstudiospublicosSantiago/2011/no123/4.pdf
Brown, H. D. (2004). Language Assessment. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588320
Burns, A. (2009). Doing action research in English language teaching: A guide for practitioners. Routledge.
Büyükahıska, D. (2016). The Correlation among EFL learners’ test anxiety, foreign language anxiety and language achievement. English Language Teaching, 9, 190. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1106656.pdf
Bygate, M. (2001). Speaking. In R. Carter & D. Nunan (Eds.), The Cambridge guide to teaching English to speakers of other languages (pp. 14-20). Cambridge.
Celce-Murcia, M., & Olshtain, E. (2000). Discourse and context in language teaching: A guide for language teachers. Cambridge University Press. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kx77286
Corvalán, J. (2006). Accountability educacional: rendición de cuentas más responsabilización por los procesos y resultados de la educación (1a ed.). Editorial San Marino.
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge University Press
Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson.
Díaz, N. (2006). Técnicas de muestreo. Sesgos más frecuentes. Revistas Sedén, 9, 21- 132. http://www.revistaseden.org/files/9-cap%209.pd
Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. Oxford University Press.
Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: the new psychology of success. Random House.
EF Education First. (2020) EF English Proficiency Index. EF Education First.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 359(1449), 1367–1378. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
Gnepp, J., Klayman, J., Williamson, I. O., & Barlas, S. (2020). The future of feedback: Motivating performance improvement through future-focused feedback. PloS one, 15(6), e0234444. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234444
Gopnik, A. (2012). Scientific thinking in young children: Theoretical advances, empirical research, and policy implications. Science 337, 1623–1627. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/337/6102/1623/tab-pdf
Gruber, B. D., & Gelman, C. (2014). States of curiosity modulate hippocampus-dependent learning via the dopaminergic circuit. Neuron, 84(2014), 486-496. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627314008046
Hamidun, N., & Hizwari, S., & Othman, N. (2013). Enhancing students’ motivation by providing feedback on writing: The case of international students from Thailand. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 179(2), 591-594. http://ijssh.org/papers/179-A10062.pdf
Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching (4th ed.). Pearson Longman.
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487
Horwitz, E. (2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112 - 126.
Horwitz, E., Horwitz, M., & Cope, A. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70, 125- 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2008.06.002
Jones, J. F. (2004). A cultural context for language anxiety. EA (English Australia) Journal, 21(2), 30-39.
Kim, E. J., & Lee, K. R. (2019). Effects of an examiner’s positive and negative feedback on self-assessment of skill performance, emotional response, and self-efficacy in Korea: A quasi-experimental study. BMC Med Educ, 19, 142. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1595-x
Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the craft of Qualitative Research Intervieweing. SAGE.
López, R., Pizarro, M., & Castro, F. (2020). Challenges in implementing formative assessment: A Chilean perspective. Educational Studies, 52(1), 78-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1719384
Lundstorm, K., & Baker, W. (2009). To give is better than to receive: The Benefits of peer review to the reviewer’s own writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 18(1), 30-43. http://epi.sc.edu/ar/AS_4_files/Lundstrom%20and%20Baker,%202009.pdf
Luo, H. (2014). Foreign language speaking anxiety: A study of Chinese language learners. Journal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages, 15, 99-117. http://www.newsite.ncolctl.org/images/foreign-Langauge-speaking.pdf
Luoma S. (2004). Assessing speaking. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511733017
Mansell, W., James, M., & Gardner, J. (2009). Assessment in schools—fit for purpose? ESRC/TLRP. http://www.tlrp.org/pub/documents/assessment.pdf
Marsh, H., & Martin, A. (2011). Academic self-concept and academic achievement: Relations and causal ordering. The British journal of educational psychology, 81, 59-77. https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1348/000709910X503501
Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative Researching (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
MINEDUC. (2006). Evaluación para el Aprendizaje. Santiago. https://www.rmm.cl/sites/default/files/usuarios/yvivanco/File/EVALUACION%20PARA%20EL%20APRENDIZAJE.pdf
MINEDUC. (2017). Antecedentes sobre el Programa Inglés Abre Puertas (PIAP). Santiago. https://ingles.mineduc.cl/programa-inglesabre-puertas/
MINEDUC. (2018). Decreto Supremo 67 de Evaluación, Calificación y Promoción Escolar. Santiago de Chile.
Nunan, D. (2003). Practical English language teaching. McGraw Hill.
Oz, H., Demirezen, M., & Pourfeiz, J. (2015). Willingness to communicate of EFL learners in Turkish context. Learning and Individual Differences, 37, 269–275. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81183646.pdf
Palys, T. (2008). Purposive sampling. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods (Vol.2) (pp. 697-698). Sage.
Pryor, J., & Crossouard, B. (2010). Challenging formative assessment - disciplinary spaces and identities. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 35(3), 265–276. https://www.library.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/1885968/Pryor.pdf
Sadler, R. D. (1983). Evaluation and the improvement of academic learning. Journal of Higher Education, 54 (1), 60-79.
Sadler, R. D. (1989). Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems. Instructional Science, 18, 119-144.
Sadler, R. D. (2010). Beyond feedback: Developing student capability in complex appraisal. Assessment and evaluation in Higher education, 35(5), 535-550.
Sandín, E. (2003). Investigación cualitativa en Educación. Fundamentos y Tradiciones. McGrawHill.
Sweller, J. (2010). Cognitive load theory: Recent theoretical advances. In J. L. Plass, R. Moreno, & R. Brünken (Eds.), Cognitive load theory (pp. 29–47). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844744.004
Tsiplakides, I., & Keramida, A. (2009). Helping students overcome foreign language speaking anxiety in the English classroom: Theoretical issues and practical recommendations. International Education Studies, 2(4), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v2n4p39
Young, P. (1990). The psychology of language testing. Cambridge University Press.
Zhang, X. (2019). Foreign language anxiety and its effects on students' oral performance in language classrooms. Language Teaching Research, 23(6), 727-745. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168818765871